Star-shaped light effects through rutile
If the rutile inclusions are positioned within the gemstone so that they intersect at a point and are arranged at an angle of 60 degrees to each other, a six-pointed star ( asterism ) is formed in rubies and sapphires. This is due to the fact that rutile is characterized by its very high refractive power, and the light entering the gemstone is reflected by the inclusions.
The cat's eye effect
Numerous, parallel rutile needles create chatoyancy in sapphires and rubies. This is characterized by a narrow band of light visible parallel to the inclusions. Because this resembles the slit-like eye of a cat, this phenomenon is also called the cat's eye effect .
Further optical effects